现在完成时

定义

过去发生的动作 持续到现在/对现在产生影响

提示

对于发生在过去，且时间不确定的动作，可以考虑用现在完成时

结构

hava/has (助动词) + 过去分词

时间状语

• already //肯定
• yet //否定或疑问 ,放句尾

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• ever //肯定
• never //否定

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• just
• before
• recently

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• once,twice,three times (次数)

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• over the years 在这些年里
• in/during the past [num] years 在过去的[num]年里
• these days 如今

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• so far 到目前为止
• up to now
• till/until now

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• since + [过去时间] +
  • 过去时间 //例:since then
  • 句子(一般过去时)
• for + [过去时间] //例:for years 数年
  • 转换: since 2000 == for 25 years

转换

• borrowed == hava/has kept
• bought == hava/has had
• began/started == hava/has been on
• finished/stopped/ended == hava/has been over
• came/went/arrive == hava/has been in + [大型地点] / at + [小型地点]
• left == hava/has been away (from)
• joined == hava/has been in / a member of